The journal's purpose is to support and promote scientific research, education, and training activities. Specifically: research serving socio-economic development planning; establishing the scientific prestige and research capacity of scientists; serving as an academic communication channel for the scientific research community; providing a platform for quality assurance of scientific research through peer review; and serving as a reference and citation database for future research.

The scope of research in  the Journal of Economics  and Business Administration includes theoretical and practical issues in the fields of economics and business administration in Vietnam and the world. Specifically: economics, finance, banking, business administration, economic management, economic law, agricultural economics, rural development, and several other related fields.

The journal is published periodically, on a quarterly basis. To ensure scientific standards and quality, all articles submitted to the Journal of Economics and Business Administration undergo blind peer review by reputable scientists and leading economic experts both domestically and internationally.

                                                       

II. EDITORIAL BOARD

                                     EDITOR-IN-CHIEF OF THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

                                                            Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hoang Thi Thu

                                                           EDITORIAL BOARD

Stt	Full name	Work unit	Job title
1	Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dinh Hong Linh	University of Economics and Business Administration	Chairman of the Council
2	Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hoang Thi Thu	University of Economics and Business Administration	Vice Chairman of the Council
3	Dr. Do Dinh Long	University of Economics and Business Administration	Commissioner
4	Dr. Bui Nu Hoang Anh	University of Economics and Business Administration	Commissioner
5	Dr. Nguyen Quang Hop	University of Economics and Business Administration	Commissioner
6	Assoc. Prof. Dr. Do Thi Thuy Phuong	University of Economics and Business Administration	Commissioner
7	Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Tien Long	University of Economics and Business Administration	Commissioner
8	Dr. Nguyen Bich Hong	University of Economics and Business Administration	Commissioner
9	Prof. Dr. Nguyen Van Song	Vietnam Academy of Agriculture	Commissioner
10	Prof. Dr. Le Quoc Hoi	National Economics University Publishing House	Commissioner
11	Prof. Dr. Pham Bao Duong	Bac Giang University of Agriculture and Forestry	Commissioner
12	Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dang Thi Phuong Hoa	Institute for European Studies, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences	Commissioner
13	Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Van Huy	Da Nang University of Economics	Commissioner
14	Assoc. Prof. Dr. Phan Thanh Hoan	University of Economics - Hue University	Commissioner
15	Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Duc Niem	Tay Nguyen University	Commissioner
16	Dr. Nguyen Hong Lien	Thai Nguyen University	Commissioner
17	Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tran Nhuan Kien	Digital Center, Thai Nguyen University	Commissioner
18	Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Minh Hien	Vietnam Academy of Agriculture	Commissioner
19	GS. TS. Hans Peter Benedikt	Eberswald University for Sustainable Development, Federal Republic of Germany	Commissioner

 

III. THE PUBLICATION AND PEEK-AND-PEOPLE PROCESS OF A SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE 

1. Receive articles from the author.

The Office of the Journal of Economics and Business Administration receives submissions directly/via email and online from authors through the website and records them in the submission log; compiles and forwards the articles to the Secretary of the Journal of Economics and Business Administration.

2. Preliminary review

The Secretary of the Journal of Economics and Business Administration reviews the content and format requirements according to Form TC-02 (Appendix) and fills in the information according to Form TC-03 (Appendix). Articles that do not meet the standards of a scientific article or have inappropriate content will be rejected, and the author will be notified through the Journal of Economics and Business Administration office within seven working days. Articles that meet the requirements and have paid the fee will be classified by the Editorial Board, assigned an article code, and forwarded to the Editor-in-Chief.

3. Assign tasks and submit feedback.

Articles that meet the preliminary review requirements will receive an email notification from the Journal of Economics and Business Administration confirming acceptance and informing them of the funding. After the funding is paid, the Secretary will forward the article to the Editor-in-Chief for peer review assignment (for articles requiring peer review) based on the list of reviewers recommended by the Editorial Board and other scientists.

The Journal of Economics and Business Administration's office will notify reviewers via email, including the manuscript content and peer review form, or the access address (if peer review is conducted online via software), and the review deadline.

4. Counter-argument

The reviewers will provide comments and assessments on the content of the article as requested by the Journal of Economics and Business Administration, using Form TC-04 (Appendix) and within the specified timeframe.

The peer review form must be dated, signed, and sent to the Secretary of the Journal of Economics and Business Administration by mail, email, online, or in person at the Journal's office.

5. Review results

The Office of the Journal of Economics and Business Administration receives peer review results in person or via email and online, and compiles them for submission to the Secretary. The Secretary of the Journal of Economics and Business Administration compiles, checks, and reviews the peer review results and submits them to the Editor-in-Chief/Editorial Board. Based on the opinions of the Editor-in-Chief and Deputy Editor-in-Chief...

The Journal of Economics and Business Administration office receives the peer review results and forwards them to the author for revisions based on the reviewer's comments, or to retain their original opinions and send explanations regarding all the reviewer's comments (revisions and reservations) to the Editorial Board; this process may be repeated several times until the reviewers reach a consensus and agreement.

Once the article has been peer-reviewed, the Editorial Board checks for plagiarism and sends the results to the Editor-in-Chief for consideration. If the Editor-in-Chief approves, the article proceeds to the next step; if not, the Editorial Board will notify the author and state the specific reasons.

6. Article editing

Conduct an English language check: title and abstract for Vietnamese articles; the entire article for English articles.

Articles that do not require editing, articles that have been edited by the author based on peer review (for articles that require peer review), and articles that do not require peer review have all been edited according to the requirements of the Journal of Economics and Business Administration.

The Editor-in-Chief assigns editors to edit the articles.

Editors format and edit the article. During the editing process, the Editorial Board may contact the author to request revisions to the form of illustrations, tables, etc. (if needed) and submit them to the Editor-in-Chief for the final decision.

The secretary forwards the articles to each editor as assigned by the editor-in-chief.

Editors perform editing according to the content and format requirements of the article as stipulated by the journal.   

7. Review, ranking, and publication approval of articles.

The Editorial Board reviews, categorizes, and approves articles that have been edited before submitting them to the Editor-in-Chief for publication.

Based on the Editorial Board's recommendation, the Editor-in-Chief approves the article for publication; the Editorial Board will send the article's content to the author for final review and confirmation of publication.

Articles approved for publication by the Editor-in-Chief will be sent to the author for proofreading by the Journal of Economics and Business Administration Secretary before being sent for printing.

8. Editing, proofreading, and print approval:

The assigned editor reviews and edits the manuscript of the Journal of Economics and Business Administration (including: articles, cover design, images, advertisements, and approved information);

The Secretary of the Journal of Economics and Business Administration reviews for errors before sending the manuscript of the Journal of Economics and Business Administration to the printing facility;

After the printing facility completes the typesetting, the Editor-in-Chief assigns someone to proofread and review the typesetting before submitting it to the Editor-in-Chief for approval to print.

9. Printing, depositing, and distributing the Journal of Economics and Business Administration:

The printing facility carries out the printing exactly according to the draft and the quantity specified in the contract; 

The Secretary of the Journal of Economics and Business Administration shall submit copies for archiving as required; distribute the Journal of Economics and Business Administration to the correct addresses and in the quantities approved by the Editor-in-Chief; and maintain proper archiving.

The Secretary of the Journal of Economics and Business Administration will upload the full text of the article to the Journal of Economics and Business Administration's website for a maximum of two months.

 

IV. CONDITIONS AND REGULATIONS FOR SUBMITTING ARTICLES TO THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

1. Posting requirements

     - Submitted articles must be consistent with the principles and objectives of the Journal of Economics & Business Administration. In cases where the content differs, it must be reviewed and approved for publication by the Editor-in-Chief.

     - The article has passed peer review; it has been revised according to the feedback (if any) from the reviewers and the Editorial Board.

     - The article has been edited and approved for publication by the Editor-in-Chief (in exceptional cases, the Editor-in-Chief will decide whether to allow publication).

     - For articles that do not undergo peer review, including: articles commissioned from scientists, managers, and experts in specific fields as requested by the Editor-in-Chief; articles for academic exchange; articles introducing scientific information and scientific activities domestically and internationally. These articles are edited (if necessary) by assigned editors, confirmed by the author, and approved for publication by the Editor-in-Chief.

2. Guidelines for submitting and receiving articles for publication in the Journal of Economics & Business Administration.

            - Articles can be submitted directly to Room 514 (Administration Building) or via email to the Journal of Economics & Business Administration, and must comply with the regulations outlined on the publication's website. Article content should be prepared using Microsoft Word.

            - The article must include an abstract in both Vietnamese and English, with a maximum of 200 words; it should also include the article title and keywords in both Vietnamese and English. 

            - If an article submitted does not comply with the regulations, the editorial board has the right to reject it and respond to the author via email.

3. Author's contact information

            Authors must clearly state their full name, academic degree, title, contact information (including mobile phone number and email address), and workplace on the Author Information Form (Form TC-01) to facilitate communication and information exchange.

4. The fees for submitting and publishing scientific articles in the Journal of Economics & Business Administration are governed by the Journal's operating regulations.

 5. Submission address

Editorial Board of the Journal of Economics & Business Administration; Room 514, Administration Building, University of Economics & Business Administration; Address: Tan Thinh Ward, Thai Nguyen City

Email: tapchikt-qtkd@tueba.edu.vn;    

Landline phone: 0208.3647.749        

Authors can directly access the Journal's Article Submission Guidelines via the following link: https://tapchi.tueba.edu.vn/?page_id=2854

 

V. REGULATIONS ON THE CONTENT AND COMPOSITION OF THE ARTICLE

1. Article Title

The title of the article should be concise, clear, and reflect the main content (15 to 20 words). For articles written in Vietnamese, authors are required to provide the English title as well, and vice versa.

2. Abstract of the article

The article must include an abstract in both Vietnamese and English, presented as a single paragraph of approximately 200 words, without abbreviations, footnotes, or references (if citations are necessary, include the author's name and year in parentheses). The abstract should include the following four points:

            1) Purpose of the research.

            2) Research methodology: This section should describe how the problem was solved (theoretical development/methods for data collection and processing, etc.);

            3) Results: Summarize the main findings of the study, including any data that could be considered essential to the research.

            4) Conclusion: One or two concluding sentences explaining the significance of the research findings.

The summary should provide information concisely, but with supporting data and get straight to the point.

3. Keywords

The article should contain a minimum of 4 to 6 keywords, presented in both Vietnamese and English (in alphabetical order), reflecting the content of the article.

4. Introduction or Problem Statement

The article should demonstrate: the rationale for conducting the research, the importance of the research topic in terms of its theoretical and practical significance; the urgency of the research topic, and the main content that the article focuses on addressing.

5. Literature Review/Scientific Basis

The author needs to clearly present the research overview and relevant theoretical basis, and then propose a specific theoretical framework directly related to the research problem. Research results related to the problem must be accompanied by citations and references to the literature. The number of citations in the literature review should be at least equal to the number of pages in the article, including at least 5 of the most recently published scientific articles. Too few citations may indicate either that the problem is of little importance and therefore receives little attention, or that the author has not bothered to investigate how the problem has already been addressed and what scientific knowledge gaps need to be filled. It is advisable to cite publications from reputable journals. Specifically, the literature review should include at least 15 references to scientific articles. In the process of improving the quality of the Journal of Economics & Business Administration to international standards, authors should prioritize citations of articles published in journals listed in the ISI, Scopus, and ACI databases. If quoting from domestic journals, the name of the journal's publisher should be clearly indicated so that readers can find the source material when needed.

            When citing sources, avoid referencing textbooks, course materials, or graduate theses. Only when it is absolutely necessary to use fundamental knowledge/formulas from textbooks to develop theories or apply them to design calculations in research should you cite textbooks as references.

6. Research methods (Methodology)

The research methodology section should clearly indicate the methods and tools used in the research, the data and how the data was collected and processed; the research model and how the analysis was organized to address the research problems.

7. Results and discussion

Address the issues raised in the introduction; clarify the statements regarding the research problem.

Present the information in a logical order with precise language, combined with illustrative tools (tables, images, etc.) and statistical analysis summaries to answer the hypothesis, question, or problem posed.

8. Conclusions or policy implications

Summarize the research findings, highlight the research's contributions, and suggest directions for future research.

9. References

The author only lists the sources cited in the article. References are presented according to APA standards.

The structure of the article is revised according to Form TC-02 (Appendix).

10. Presentation Guidelines

1. Section, subsection

            Number and bold the items 1., 2., 3., 4.,…; bold and italicize the first-level subheadings (1.1., 1.2., 1.3.… 2.1., 2.2., 2.3.,…); italicize the third-level subheadings (1.1.1., 1.1.2., 1.1.3.,… 2.1.1.,2.1.2.,).

2. Acronym

            Abbreviations must be used repeatedly in the article and introduced by the author after the first term. For example: Business Administration (BA), Human Resource Management (HRM).

3. Regulations on tables and units of measurement

            - Tables, charts, images, etc.

            + Tables and graphs should be clear, with annotations and sources cited (if applicable).

            + Images include photographs, computer-generated drawings, and diagrams. If the image was not created by the author, the source must be clearly indicated.

            + Use terms such as: Figure 1, Figure 2; Chart 1, Chart 2; Table 1, Table 2… to list them in order.

            The drawings should be grouped for easier editing.

            The title of the table is written above the table, and the table description is written below the table.

            + The title of the image, chart, graph, etc., should be written below the image, chart, graph, etc.

            * Note: In the article content, when referencing tables and charts, you must clearly state "Figure number...", "Table number...", not just "figure above," "table below," etc. The components of tables and charts must be editable text, not screenshots.

            - Units of measurement

            + Length, area, volume: mm, cm, km, mm2, cm2, m3, mL, µL, L,…

            + Mass: g, kg, ng, µg, mg, kg, t,…

            + Concentration: nM, µM, mM, M, %,…

            + Titles and symbols used throughout the article must be presented consistently.

11. Citation Regulations

            When an author quotes content from others in their article, they must clearly state the source and bear full responsibility for the copyright of the quoted content.

Quote in the following two ways:

Method 1: Quoted content is placed in quotation marks and italics. The author of the document and the year of publication are placed in parentheses.

For example: “Statistics is a social science that studies the quantitative aspects in relation to the qualitative aspects of phenomena and…” (Tran Chi Thien, 2013, p. 14).

Method 2: The author's name is part of the sentence, and the year of publication is in parentheses.

Example 1 : Tran Chi Thien argues that " Statistics is a social science that studies the quantitative aspect in relation to the qualitative aspect of phenomena and..." (Tran, 2013, p. 14).

Example 2 : Tran Chi Thien (2013, p. 14) stated that: “ Statistics is a social science that studies the quantitative aspect in relation to the qualitative aspect of phenomena and…”

Note:

- If a document has two authors, place the word "and" between them and use the symbol "&" (Tran Dinh Tuan & Nguyen Thi Tuan, 2014); similarly for documents with fewer than six authors. If there are more than six authors, write (Tran Dinh Tuan & et al.)

- In cases where no specific author is given, the document title and year of publication are usually used.

     For example: “When choosing an accounting system, each entity must consider all the specific economic and financial characteristics… ” (“Accounting Organization Textbook”, 2014)

- For cases with multiple authors: All citations are placed in the same set of parentheses and arranged in the order they appear in the bibliography.

     For example, Nguyen Hong Phan (2006) and Bui Van Hiep (2014) found that the issue of lifestyle value orientation has been analyzed by many authors…

- For documents based on a different source: Include a citation of the original source.

            For example, according to Phan Van Kha and Nguyen Loc (cited by Bui Chi Binh, 2014), the foundation of educational economics is education and economics.

12. Regulations regarding references

            The references are presented in accordance with the APA guidelines compiled by the American Psychological Association. The following are some general guidelines:

            The bibliography (books, articles, electronic publications, etc.) is arranged alphabetically by author's first name (for Vietnamese authors) or last name (for foreign authors).

            Note: All listed sources have been cited in the article. If not cited, the source is not listed.

1. References are books.

Author's full name. (Year of publication). Book title (in italics). Place of publication: Publisher.

Example: Nguyen Tien Long. (2016). Restructuring of the main export products of the Northeast region of Vietnam. Hanoi: National Political Publishing House.

2. The reference is an article published in a journal.

Author's full name. (Year of publication). Article title. Journal name (in italics), Issue number, page number containing the content.

3. The reference materials are electronic publications.

Author's full name. (Publication date). Title of the publication/electronic document (in italics), name of the publishing organization, date of access, <link to the accessed publication/document>

4. Regulations regarding certain other documents

            - The document is a Thesis/Dissertation: Author's name (year of graduation). Thesis/Dissertation title. Thesis/Dissertation, Major/Specialization . University name, city.

            - For documents that are articles published in publications, conference proceedings, or seminars: Author's full name (year). Title of the article. Title of the conference/seminar publication. Place of publication: Publisher.

            - For papers presented at conferences or seminars that are not published: Author's full name (year). Title of the paper. Paper presented at the conference/seminar… Name of the conference/seminar. Organizing unit. Date of the conference/seminar.

            - Legal document: Type of document, document number, full name of the document, issuing agency/organization.

VI. REGULATIONS ON APPRAISAL FEES

The University of Economics and Business Administration respectfully informs authors whose articles have been approved for publication in the Journal of Economics and Business Administration of the following details regarding the publication fee:

1. The article publication fee is charged to authors whose articles are approved for publication in the Journal.

- For authors from the University of Economics and Business Administration (or co-authors where the first author is from the University of Economics and Business Administration): 500,000 VND/article.

- For authors outside the University of Economics and Business Administration (or co-authors where the first author is not from the University of Economics and Business Administration): 1,000,000 VND/article.

- Authors who write articles on commission from the Editor-in-Chief or the leadership of the University of Economics and Business Administration: No fees charged.

2. Time

After the article is accepted for publication by the peer reviewers, the journal will email the author regarding the fee payment and requests for revisions (if any). In addition to completing the requested revisions, the author will receive a fee payment notification from the Journal of Economics and Business Administration at the time the article is accepted for publication by the Editor-in-Chief. If the author fails to pay the fee within 5 working days of receiving the notification, the article will not be published. If the author requests to withdraw the article, the publication fee will not be refunded.

3. Method

After receiving notification to pay the publication fee, authors should make the payment and send proof of payment (a scanned copy or photo of the payment receipt) to the email address: tapchikt-qtkd@tueba.edu.vn

After confirming with the Planning and Finance Department, the Journal of Economics and Business Administration will send a confirmation email to the author regarding payment receipt and article publication.

 

VII. REGULATIONS ON PUBLISHING ETHICS

Articles published in the Journal of Economics and Business Administration undergo a two-way blind peer review process, with a minimum of two independent blind reviewers. The journal's publishing ethics are clearly and specifically defined as follows:

1. Author's responsibility

- Copyright : Only individuals who have made significant contributions to the research have copyright to the article.

- Author's role : The author of the article is an individual or group of individuals who submit a scientific article to the Journal of Economics and Business Administration in accordance with the prescribed submission guidelines via post, email, or in person at the Journal of Economics and Business Administration.

- Author's responsibilities:

+ The author submitting the article is responsible for arranging the authors' names and the names of co-authors. Author names are arranged according to the journal's guidelines.

+ Articles submitted to the Journal of Economics and Business Administration must be original manuscripts. Authors should not submit articles already published in other journals, scientific proceedings, or other publications to the Journal of Economics and Business Administration; nor should they submit articles to other journals or newspapers until the final review decision is made by the Editorial Board.

The author of the article is primarily and directly responsible to the law and the leadership of the Journal of Economics and Business Administration for the content, use of materials, data, images, and copyright of the article. The author is responsible for ensuring that the article meets the requirements for publication according to the current academic integrity regulations of the University of Economics and Business Administration. Citations must be clear and detailed, specifying sentences and paragraphs borrowed from other sources. The author must ensure that the use of data has been approved by the individual or organization owning that data. For unpublished research works used in the article, the author must provide the Journal of Economics and Business Administration with written consent from the individual or organization that authored that work.

Authors must comply with the regulations regarding article submission; revise articles and clarify content based on peer review comments (if any) and at the request of the Editorial Board; not provide personal information in the article; and not seek or contact reviewers while the Journal of Economics and Business Administration is processing the article.

+ Once the author has completed the application (the article has been accepted for publication) and submitted it to the Journal of Economics and Business Administration, if the author wishes to obtain a Publication Confirmation Certificate, they should register with the Journal of Economics and Business Administration Office. The Office will provide the results to the author within 4 days. In exceptional cases, the Journal of Economics and Business Administration reserves the right to revoke and invalidate the Publication Confirmation Certificate.

The University of Economics and Business Administration and the Journal of Economics and Business Administration are not responsible for any costs or damages, whether direct or indirect, related to errors, copyright infringements, or other similar violations by the authors of articles published in the Journal.

       -   Access and storage of documents : Data, references, and other information in the research paper must be presented accurately and completely to enable the study to be replicated. If the paper contains fraud or intentionally inaccurate statements, the author(s) will be considered to have acted unethically. The author(s) must provide supporting data for the editorial process and ensure public access to that data. Data in the paper should be retained for a reasonable period after publication.

     -   Multiple publications : The author(s) do not publish manuscripts with the same research content in more than one journal or publishing house.

     - Conflict of Interest Statement : In the manuscript, all authors must clearly state any personal relationships and financial connections with other individuals or organizations that may inappropriately influence the research. The author(s) must specifically list the sources of financial support for conducting the research and/or completing the article. If the funding is unrelated, the author(s) must also clearly state this in the article. Authors should present any potential conflicts of interest related to the article as early as possible.

    -  Notification of errors in published works : When an author(s) discovers errors in a published article, they must immediately notify the Journal's Editorial Board to withdraw the article or correct specific content if the Editorial Board deems it necessary. If the Editorial Board and the Journal receive notification from a third party regarding errors in the publication, the author(s) are responsible for cooperating promptly with the Editorial Board, including providing full evidence when requested.

2. Responsibilities of the reviewer

The Journal of Economics and Business Administration employs a two-way, blind peer review process (reviewers are not given any information about the author of the article, and vice versa).

Reviewers for the Journal of Economics and Business Administration are reputable scientists with doctoral degrees or higher from universities, research institutes, science and technology centers, management agencies, businesses, or independent researchers both domestically and internationally with expertise relevant to the scientific article they are invited to review.

- Reviewers are responsible for objectively and honestly commenting on and evaluating the scientific content and form of the article, and completing their work within the specified deadline.

- Any manuscript received for review must be treated as confidential. Reviewers must not share their reviews or information about the article with anyone without the editor's permission. Reviewers should be vigilant for potential ethical issues in the manuscript and should inform the editor of these issues, including any significant similarities or overlaps between the manuscript under review and any other published works that the reviewer is aware of. Reviewers bear significant responsibility for the political integrity of a scientific paper when approving its publication.

3. Responsibilities of the Editorial Board

      Publication Decision : The Editorial Board of the Journal is solely responsible and independent for deciding whether to publish articles submitted to the Journal. All members of the Editorial Board must comply with the Journal's policies and are bound by other legal regulations.

      Expert Review : Editorial Board members must ensure fairness, impartiality, and timeliness in the review process. Articles must be reviewed by at least two independent external experts, and if necessary, Editorial Board members may consult additional scientific opinions. Editorial Board members should select reviewers whose expertise is relevant to the research field of the article to avoid selecting unsuitable reviewers.

      Fairness : Editorial Board members evaluate manuscripts submitted to the Journal based on their scientific content. The Editorial Board needs to establish a transparent mechanism for making editorial decisions regarding articles in the Journal.

      Confidentiality : Editorial Board members must ensure the confidentiality of all manuscripts submitted to the Journal and all communications with reviewers. Editorial Board members must keep the information of reviewers confidential and are not permitted to use the information contained in manuscripts for personal purposes.

      Disclosure on conflicts of interest : Editorial Board members are not permitted to participate in the review process of articles they write themselves or that their family members or colleagues contribute to, or in any matter related to products or services in which the Editorial Board member benefits.

4. Regulations regarding violations of publishing ethics.

Plagiarism: Plagiarism is the intentional use of another person's ideas or original material as one's own. All manuscripts submitted to the Journal are screened using plagiarism prevention software (Turnitin). Citing one or more works by others or one's own work with a content overlap of 30% or more is considered plagiarism or a violation of academic integrity.

Fabricating and falsifying data: Fabricating and falsifying data means that a researcher did not actually conduct the research, but instead created data or results and recorded or reported fabricated information.

Concurrent submission: Concurrent submission occurs when a manuscript (or significant parts of a manuscript) is submitted to one journal after it has already been received by another journal.

Duplicate publications: Duplicate publications occur when two or more articles, without adequate cross-referencing, share the same data, discussion points, and conclusions.

Redundant publications: Redundant publications relate to the inappropriate splitting of research results into a number of articles, often due to the author's intention to increase the number of articles and thicken their scientific research resume.

Inappropriate author contributions or attribution: All listed authors must have made a significant scientific contribution to the research in the manuscript and have approved all the contents of the manuscript.

Excessive citations: Excessive citations include citations that are excessive in a submitted manuscript, do not contribute to the academic content of the article, and are included solely for the purpose of increasing citations for a particular author's work or for articles published in a specific journal.

In the event that a document violates any of the above policies, the submitted manuscript will be rejected for publication.